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==Banishment & arrest==After the arrest [[transfer of Florida ]] to the United States in [[1821]], former Spanish Governor [[Jose Callava]] was arrested by Governor [[Andrew Jackson]]for a failure to remit certain official papers to the American government. A group of thirteen Spanish officers, which included de Villiers and his son-in-law [[Arnaldo Guillemard|Guillemard]], wrote a "Declaration of many respectable witnesses of what passed," which enumerated a number of what they perceived to be injustices perpetrated by Jackson on the Spanish population. No action was taken at the time, but when a newspaper published an anonymous advertisement critical of Jackson and his deputy [[Henry Brackenridge]], Jackson ordered the banishment of de Villiers, Guillemard and six other signatories of the previous declaration.<ref name="goza">http://smathersdlcl3.uflib.ufl.edu/docsb/news/Goza/336.sgm</ref> on [[September 29]], 1821.<ref name="sundrypapers">[http://www.archive.org/details/messagefrompresi00un "Message from the president of the United States, transmitting sundry papers relating to transactions in East and West Florida, received at the Department of State since his message of 28th January, last : with copies of two letters from the secretary of state upon the same subject"]</ref> The group accepted the banishment and relocated to Cuba, but de Villiers returned with his son-in-law four months later, on [[January 3]], [[1822]], while Jackson was in Nashville. They appealed to acting Governor [[George Walton]] for enough time in the city to retrieve their families and set their private affairs in order, with the following memorial:<blockquote>That your memorialists, with other Spanish officers, were, by the proclamation of his Excellency Andrew Jackson, Governor of the Floridas, issued on the 29th of September last, ordered to quit the Floridas within three days thereeafter, for reasons therein assigned. That your memorialists, in obedience to the said proclamation, withdrew from the said provinces, and repaired to the island of Cuba; and that, after being there some time, they found themselves compelled, from the situation of their private affairs, and the illness of a part of their families, to return to this country. That, in so doing, nothing was further from their intention than any disrepect to the constituted authorities of this province, whose determinations they declare themselves ready to observe and obey so long as they remain in the same. But they beg leave respectfully to represent, that, at the same time, they are Spanish officers, they and their families have also been inhabitants of this country for many years; and that they are owners of real and personal property here to a considerable amount. That, by the fifth article of the treaty, the inhabitants of the ceded provinces who may desire to remove to the Spanish dominions, shall be permitted to sell or export their effects at any time whatever, without being subject, in either case, to duties. That your memorialists are desirous to remove with their families to the Spanish dominions, and that, unless permitted to remain here, and superintend in person these necessary arrangements, they will be exposed to serious loss and injury. Your memorialists therefore pray, that, taking the circumstances into consideration, and especially their solemn declaration that they return, not as Spanish officers, but as private individuals, on private business, and with every disposition to obey and respect the existing authorities, they may be permitted to remain for the purpose of settling their affairs, and making the necessary arrangements for the removal of their families.<ref name="sundrypapers"/></blockquote>

The group accepted the banishment, but de Villiers returned with his son-in-law four months later, while Jackson was in Nashville. They appealed to acting Governor [[George Walton]] for enough time in the city to retrieve their families and set their private affairs in order. Walton initially confined them to their homes and , writing the following letter to Jackson for further instruction, but later imprisoned them in the ''[[calabozo]]'' ("dungeon"). When word <ref name="goza"/><blockquote><p>A few days ago, two of the men's return reached JacksonSpanish officers. Colonel Marcos de Villiers, generally called Colonel Coulon, and Arnaldo Guillemard, arrived here in a vessel from Havana. It was first intimated to me that they had resigned their commissions in tl»e Spanish service; but were arrested by my order, he repliedand brought before me, "Colthey declared they had come with the intention of asking permission to attend in person to the settlement of their private affairs, and the removal of their families. Coulon (Villiers) is father-They solemnly declared, that they had not returned in-law defiance of [[John Innerarity]]the proclamation, which they had promptly obeyed, and that they are ready to submit themselves to any order which should be taken in their case. Guillemard For the present, I ordered them into confinement; but the calaboze being in no condition to receive them, for, excepting the officer's room, it has no fire-place; and as Coulon is a very base old man, and treacherous manhis wife, at this time extremely ill, I thought it best to confine them in their own houses. The situation of old Coulon was such, that it would have been cruel to confine him in the dungeon with the common malefactors; being and I could not, with propriety, make a distinction with respect to Guillemard. They then presented the enclosed memorial, in which they throw themselves on the mercy of the government.</p><p>After these concessions, and the humble manner in which they sue to be permitted to remain, I was well convinced that you would have granted them the indulgence they prayed for. But, under my instructions, although a state of things was presented by the returning sense of propriety on the part of these people, different from what is contemplated in these instructions, yet, 1 did not consider myself authorized to go any farther than to continue them in the same who piloted confinement until further orders. I was well convinced that, while on the one hand you were determined to cause the government provisionally established over these provinces to be respected by every one living under it; and, as far as you were concerned, to cause the British up Bayou Bienvenue in stipulations of the year 1815treaty to be enforced; yet, then an officer I also knew, from the magnanimity of Spainyour disposition, when that you would instantly relent on the attempt first manifestation of respect to the government, and submission to its determinations. This course, however, was made upon New-Orleans not adopted by General Packenhamme until after consultation with Colonels Fenwick and Clinch, Major Denkins, and Judge Brackenridge, who all concurred in the opinion, that this was, under all circimistances, the most proper."<ref name="gozasundrypapers"/></p></blockquote>

The two prisoners petitioned When word of the United States Congress. On men's return reached Jackson, who had already resigned his official authority as governor, he wrote to Secretary of State [[February 20Wikipedia:John Quincy Adams|John Quincy Adams]], on [[1822January 21]] their complaint was read before the Senate, but tabled on a motion by Senator [[Wikipedia1822:James Barbour|James Barbour]].<refblockquote>[http://memoryEnclosed, I send you an extract of a letter from Col.locGeorge Walton, Secretary of West Florida, and charged with exercising the powers of governor of the same, in my absence, with its enclosure.gov/cgiHaving received from the President of the United States his letter bearing date the 31st December last, post-bin/query/r?ammem/hlaw:@field(DOCID+@lit(sj01157)): Senate Journal]</ref> Two days latermarked at the city of Washington, the 9th instant, notifying me that my resignation was accepted, forecloses me from giving to Col. Walton any instructions officially, and have thought proper to refer him to the President for directions, on as to the proper course to be pursued with regard to those Spanish officers. Col. Coulon [[February 22]Villiers]is father-in-law to John Innerarity. Guillemard is a very base and treacherous man, being the same who piloted the British up Bayou Bienvenue, in the year 1815, then an order officer of Spain, when the attempt was made upon New Orleans by Secretary of State John Quincy Adams released Guillemard and de VilliersGeneral Packenham.<ref name="gozasundrypapers"/></blockquote>

The two prisoners petitioned the United States Congress. On [[De Villiers StreetFebruary 20]] (and, 1822 their complaint was read before the Senate, but tabled on a motion by extensionSenator [[Wikipedia:James Barbour|James Barbour]].<ref>[http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/hlaw:@field(DOCID+@lit(sj01157)): Senate Journal]</ref> Two days later, the on [[Belmont-DeVilliersFebruary 22]] neighborhood) is named for Marcos , an order by Secretary of State John Quincy Adams released Guillemard and de Villiers.<ref name="goza"/>

[[Category:Citizens of Spanish Pensacola|de De Villiers, Marcos]] [[Category:Street namesakes|de De Villiers]]