Difference between revisions of "Timeline of Pensacola history"

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== 1500's ==
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'''Pensacola, Florida''' has had a rich and colorful history dating nearly 450 years, being the first European settlement in the continental United States (1559) and controlled by five countries. Pensacola's location has caused great turmoil, with many buildings destroyed by wars, and by numerous major [[hurricane]]s. The location, south of the original British colonies, and as the dividing line between French Louisiana and Spanish Florida, along the [[Perdido River]], has caused the possession of the city to change multiple times. Pensacola has been under the possession of the '''Spanish''', '''French''', '''British''', '''United States''' and '''Confederate States''', and has remained a part of the United States since the end of the [[American Civil War]].
  
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'''1515''' --  Ponce de Leon 'discovered' Florida
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== 1500s ==
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*[[1513]] – [[Ponce de Leon]] 'discovers' Florida.
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*[[1516]] – Miruelos enters what may be [[Pensacola Bay]].
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*[[1525]] – Panfilo de Narveaz explores Florida.
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*[[1539]] – [[Hernando de Soto]] explores Florida.
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*[[June 11]], [[1559]] – Members of Luna's expedition embark at Vera Cruz, Mexico, for their journey to establish Pensacola.
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*[[August 14]], 1559 – Luna's expedition enters Pensacola Bay.
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*[[September 19]], 1559 – A [[Hurricane of 1559|hurricane]] strikes Pensacola Bay, virtually destroying Luna's fleet.
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*[[March 16]], [[1561]] – [[Villafane]] arrives at Pensacola for relief for Luna's expedition after the [[hurricane of 1559]].
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*[[April 9]], 1561 – Villafane becomes governor of Florida.
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*[[1565]] – St. Augustine, on Florida's east coast, is founded by the Spanish, becoming the first permanent European settlement.
  
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'''1516'''  --  Miruelos MAY have entered Pensacola Bay  
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== 1600s ==
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*[[April 6]], [[1682]] – La Salle claims Louisiana for France.
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*[[1684]] – Sieur de la Salle descends the Mississippi River and makes a failed attempt to establish a colony near the mouth of the Mississippi.
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*[[February 2]], [[1686]] – An expedition under the command of [[Juan Enriques Barroto]] (Juan Jordan Reina) enters Pensacola Bay.
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*[[June 26]], [[1692]] – [[Conde de Galve]], viceroy of Mexico, is given instructions by the Spanish king to explore the Gulf Coast.
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*[[April 7]], [[1693]] – Admiral [[Andres de Pez]]'s expedition enters Pensacola Bay.
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*[[June 13]], [[1694]] – The King of Spain (Charles II?) gives the go ahead to settle Pensacola.
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*[[November 6]], [[1698]] – An expedition under [[Juan Jordan de Reina]] sails from Havana, Cuba, to settle Pensacola.
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*[[November 17]], 1698 – An expedition under the command of Juan Jordan Reina arrivs at Pensacola.
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*[[November 21]], 1698 – An expedition under the command of [[Andres de Arriola]], arrived in Pensacola from Vera Cruz, Mexico.
  
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'''1525'''  -- Panfilo de Narveaz explored Florida  
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== 1700s ==
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*[[1702]] – French, under d'Iberville, found [[Mobile]], [[Biloxi]], and [[Dauphin Island]].
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*[[1702]] – Spanish settlers at Pensacola suffer a severe epidemic, not known but most likely [[yellow fever]].
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*[[1704]] – Pensacola receives its first women settlers.
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*[[1707]] – [[Creek Indians]], under the urging of the British, attack and burn Spanish Pensacola.
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*[[1707]] – [[Creek Indians]] lay siege to [[Fort San Carlos]] at Pensacola, but withdraw.
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*[[1719]] – Spanish recapture Pensacola.
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*[[May 13]], 1719 – French from Mobile sail to Pensacola in an attempt to capture the town.
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*[[May 16]], 1719 – The French fleet, under [[Jean Baptiste Le Moyne]] and his brother Sieur de Bienville, enter Pensacola Bay, fire on [[Fort San Carlos]], and capture Pensacola.
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*[[September 18]], 1719 – French recapture Pensacola.
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*[[1720]] – France and Spain make peace.
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*[[1722]] – France burns Pensacola in a scorched earth policy. Spanish secure return of Pensacola from France and reoccupy, [[November 25]]. Spaniards build on [[Santa Rosa Island]] — the "Second Pensacola."
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*[[1723]] – Spanish build a village on [[Santa Rosa Island]].
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*[[1723]] – French leave Pensacola.
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*[[1743]] – The first timber export leaves Pensacola by the [[Havana Company]].
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*[[1753]]-[[1763]] – Spanish garrison at Pensacola.
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*[[1754]] – [[Hurricane of 1754|Hurricane]] destroys the village of Pensacola on Santa Rosa Island. Survivors move to the mainland.
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*[[December 23]], [[1757]] – King Ferdinand VI issues royal orders naming settlement near [[San Miguel mission]] (near today's [[Seville Square]]) '[[Presidio San Miguel de Panzacola]],' or Panzacola — the "Third Pensacola."
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*[[1760]] – A [[Hurricane of 1760|hurricane]] strikes Pensacola.
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*[[1763]] – Spanish leave Pensacola as a result of the [[Treaty of Ghent]], which gave Florida to the British.
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*[[February 10]], 1763 – The Spanish and British sign the [[Treaty of Paris]], resulting in Spain ceding Florida to the British.
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*[[July 10]], 1763 – Colonel [[Augustine Prevost]] sails from Havana, Cuba with four ships and 350 men on their way to accept the transfer of Florida from Spain to Great Britain.
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*[[August 5]], 1763 – Lieutenant Colonel [[Augustine Prevost]] arrived in Pensacola with 350 men to accept the transfer of Florida from Spain to Great Britian.
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*[[August 6]], 1763 – Lieutenant Colonel [[Augustin Prevost]] and troops take command of Pensacola for the British.
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*[[September 3]], 1763 – The Spanish leave Pensacola.
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*[[1764]] – First meeting of West Florida Council, November. Begins by declaring all titles purchased from departing Spaniards void. Surveyor [[Elias Durnford]] prepares a plan for the city. Divides town into building and garden lots with the dviding line being present day [[Garden Street]].
 +
*[[October 21]], 1764 – [[George Johnstone]] arrives in Pensacola as West Florida's first British governor.
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*[[November 24]], 1764 – The first British council is convened.
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*[[1767]] – George Johnstone is relieved as governor of West Florida and succeeded by [[Monfort Browne]].
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*[[1769]] – [[John Eliot]] arrives in Pensacola as the new governor.
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*[[May 2]], 1769 – [[John Eliot]], governor of West Florida, hangs himself.
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*[[July 31]], 1769 – [[Elias Durnford]] is named acting Lieutenant Governor.
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*[[1770]] – [[Peter Chester]] arrives in Pensacola as the new British governor.
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*1770 – [[Bernardo de Galvez]] is appointed governor of Spanish Louisiana.
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*[[August 10]], 1770 – [[Peter Chester]] arrived in Pensacola as governor of West Florida.
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*[[1773]]-[[1774]] – Botanist [[William Bartram]] explores Florida across what is now known as the [[Bartram Trail]].
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*[[October 24]], [[1774]] – Continental Congress writes to the Assembly in Pensacola, but is suppressed by Governor Chester.
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*[[1775]]-[[1783]] – [[Revolutionary War]], Florida remains loyal to England.
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*[[January 1]], [[1777]] – Don [[Bernardo de Galvez]] becomes the acting Governor of Louisiana.
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*[[June 21]], [[1779]] – Spain declares war on England, threatening peace in Florida.
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*[[1780]] – [[Elias Durnford]] surrenders Mobile to Galvez.
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*[[January 28]], 1780 – [[Bernardo de Galvez]] sails from New Orleans in an abortive attempt to capture Pensacola.
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*[[1781]] – The land now called [[St. Michaels Cemetery]] is designated a burying place.
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*[[February 28]], 1781 – [[Bernardo de Galvez]] sails again from New Orleans with an invasion force headed for Pensacola.
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*[[March 9]], [[1781]] – [[Bernardo de Galvez]] enters [[Pensacola Bay]] and lays siege to the British.
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*[[May 7]], 1781 – [[Bernardo de Galvez]] begins his siege of the British [[Fort George]], located just north of Pensacola.
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*[[May 8]], 1781 – British [[General John Campbell]] surrenders Pensacola to Galvez after a shot from the Spanish cannon (mortar) destroys the British powder magazine.
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*[[May 9]], 1781 – British soldiers leave their fort at Pensacola, officially ending the British presence in Florida.
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*[[1783]] – Florida given to Spain by England in exchange for Bahamas and Gibraltar. Most British settlers leave.
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*[[1784]] – Spanish census of Pensacola. Population: 593 persons.
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*[[1785]] – [[Panton, Leslie & Company]] is established in Pensacola.
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*[[1792]] – [[Francisco Moreno]] is born in Pensacola.
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*[[August 10]], [[1794]] – [[Jackson Morton]] is born.
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*[[1795]] – Spain yields its claim to the northern part of West Florida. The United States and Spain sign the [[Pickney Treaty]] establishing the borders between the United States and Spanish Florida.
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*[[1798]] – [[William H. Chase]] is born in Massachusetts.
  
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'''1539''' -- Hernando de Soto explored Florida  
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== 1800s ==
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*[[1801]] – [[William Panton]], co-owner of [[Panton, Leslie & Company]], dies at sea
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*[[1803]] – Louisiana Purchase. Capital of Spanish West Florida moves from New Orleans to Pensacola.
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*[[1804]] – [[Panton, Leslie & Company]] changes its name to [[John Forbes & Company]].
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*[[1805]] – Population: 1,398 persons.
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*[[1807]] – The [[Inneraity family]] assumes control of John Forbes & Company.
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*[[1808]] – [[Thomas William Brent]] is born in Washington, DC.
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*[[1808]] – Pensacolians rename their principal streets and plazas in honor of their deceased monarch, [[Ferdinand VII]], and the spirited Spanish resistance movement against Napoleon.
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*[[1810]] – Republic of West Florida proclaimed. Formal survey of [[St. Michael's Cemetery]].
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*[[1810]] – Population = 1,000 persons
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*[[1812]] – [[Stephen Russell Mallory]], future US Senator and Confederate Secretary of the Navy, was born in Trinidad
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*[[1812]] – [[War of 1812]], United States declares war on England, June 18. United States annexed portions of West Florida to Louisiana and to the Mississippi Territory.
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*[[1813]] – General [[James Wilkinson]] and troops capture Mobile.
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*[[August 30]], [[1813]] – [[Fort Mims Massacre]].
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*[[March 27]], [[1814]] – [[Andrew Jackson]] and his Tennessee Volunteers defeat the [[Creek Indians]] at the Battle of Horseshoe Bend.
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*[[November 14]], 1814 – [[Andrew Jackson]] captures Pensacola and occupies it for the first time , November 7-9. He evicts British from the Spanish forts.
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*[[June 20]], [[1815]] – [[Angela Moreno]] (later Angela Moreno Mallory) is born.
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*[[August 14]], [[1816]] – [[John Innerarity]] writes [[James Innerarity]] that they expect an attack on Pensacola imminently.
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*[[1818]] – [[Andrew Jackson]] captures [[St. Mark's]].
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*[[May 24]], 1818 – [[Andrew Jackson]] captures Pensacola again to end Spanish supply of arms to Indians.
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*[[February 22]], [[1819]] – Spain and the United States signed the [[Adams-Onis Treaty]], giving the United States possession of Florida.
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*[[1820]] – Spanish census of Pensacola. Population: 712 persons.
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*[[1821]] – [[Andrew Jackson]] leaves Pensacola.
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*[[March 12]], 1821 – [[Andrew Jackson]] is commissioned by President James Monroe to oversee the transfer of Florida to the United States and became Florida's first American governor.
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*[[July 17]], 1821 – The United States officially assumes control of Florida in a flag-exchange ceremony at Pensacola.
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*[[July 17]], 1821 – [[Jose Cavallo]], Spanish governor of Florida, officially turns over Florida to [[Andrew Jackson]], representing the United States.
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*[[August 18]], 1821 – ''[[The Floridian]]'' newspaper, published by [[George Tunstall]] and [[Cary Nicholas]], issues its first edition.
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*[[October 3]], 1821 – A farewell party is given in honor of [[Andrew Jackson]] and his wife Rachel at [[Austin's Tavern]].
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*[[1821]] – Florida is organized into two counties: [[Escambia County|Escambia]] (West Florida) and St. Johns (East Florida).
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*[[March 30]], [[1822]] – Florida is organized as a territory.
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*[[July 22]], 1822 – The 1st session of Florida's legislative council convenes in Pensacola.
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*[[August 13]], 1822 – The Pensacola Board of Health reports [[yellow fever]] present in Pensacola, forcing the legislative council to move elsewhere. Epidemic ultimately kills 237 people.
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*1822 – Jackson and Duval counties created, changing boundaries of Escambia and St. John's counties.
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*[[March 13]], [[1824]] – ''[[Pensacola Gazette]]'' and ''[[West Florida Advertiser]]'' are first published.
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*[[May 16]], 1824 – [[Edmund Kirby Smith]], future Confederate General, is born in St. Augustine, Florida.
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*[[1824]] – [[City of Pensacola]] incorporated.
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*[[1824]]-[[1826]] – Road built from St. Augustine to Pensacola.
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*[[1825]] – [[Paul Rosasco]], father of [[Albert T. Rosasco|Albert T.]] and [[William Sebastian Rosasco|William Sebastian]], is born in Genoa, Italy.
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*[[November 4]], 1825 – A three-person board consisting of James Biddle, [[Lewis Warrington]], and William Bainbridge, recommended the construction of a [[Navy Yard]] at Pensacola.
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*[[April 20]], [[1826]] – Commodore [[Lewis Warrington]], United States Navy, assumes command of the [[Pensacola Navy Yard]]
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*[[October 27]], 1826 – Warrington's last day as commandant of the [[Navy Yard]].
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*[[November 8]], 1826 – The Navy issues its first contract to area businessmen for lumber to be used in the construction of the Navy Yard.
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*[[December 20]], 1826 – [[Pensacola Lighthouse]] first illuminated.
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*[[1827]] – The [[Naval Live Oaks Reservation]] is established on land previously owned by [[Henry M. Breckenridge]].
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*[[1827''' -- 03/14/1827]] – A labor strike commences in Pensacola.
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*[[1828]] – The towns of [[Warrington]] and [[Woolsey]] are constructed for the workmen who are working at the [[Navy Yard]].
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*[[December 9]], [[1830]] – [[Joseph Forsyth]] transfers half his land holdings to [[Andrew Simpson|Andrew]] and [[Ezekiel Simpson]], and together the three men built a lumber mill.
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*[[1830]] – Florida's first Federal census. Indian removal begins.
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*[[1831]] – [[Bank of Pensacola (original)|Bank of Pensacola]] is chartered.
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*[[1832]] – [[Old Christ Church]] is built in downtown Pensacola.
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*[[1833]] – The first bank in Pensacola is organized.
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*[[1834]] – Construction of [[Fort Pickens]] concludes.
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*[[1837]] – Bank panic hits Pensacola
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*[[1838]] – [[Stephen Russell Mallory]] marries [[Angela Moreno]], daughter of [[Francisco Moreno]].
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*[[1839]] – Construction of [[Fort Barrancas]] commences.
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*[[1842]] – [[Santa Rosa County]] is created from Escambia County.
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*[[1843]] – Construction on [[Fort McRee]] commences.
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*[[1843]] – [[Jonathon Walker]] is arrested on the coast of Florida while attempting to free several Pensacola slaves. He is put in [[Calabozo|jail]] in Pensacola, tried, sentenced to pay a fine and branded S.S. (for slave stealer) in the palm of the hand.
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*[[1844]] – Construction of [[Fort Barrancas]] concludes.
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*[[March 3]], [[1845]] – Florida enters the Union as a State. Sections and townships are laid out by the General Land Office.
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*[[March 4]], [[1849]] – [[Jackson Morton]] takes his seat as a Whig in the United States Senate.
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*[[1850]] – [[Stephen Russell Mallory]] is elected to the United States Senate.
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*[[May 6]], [[1851]] – Dr. [[John Gorrie]] patents his ice-making machine.
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*[[1852]] – [[Yellow fever]] hits the Pensacola Area.
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*[[1853]] – [[Yellow fever]] epidemic strikes Pensacola again.
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*[[1855]] – [[Joseph Forsyth]] dies. His mill changes its name to [[Simpson & Company]].
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*[[March 3]], 1855 – [[Jackson Morton]] resigns his seat in the United States Senate.
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*[[May 16]], [[1856]] – Construction begins on the [[Alabama & Florida Railroad]] between Pensacola and Montgomery, Alabama.
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*[[October 30]], [[1856]] – Major [[William H. Chase]], who supervised the construction of the local forts, retires from military service.
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*[[1857]]-[[1859]] – The [[USS Pensacola|USS ''Pensacola'']] and [[USS Seminole|USS ''Seminole'']] are constructed at Pensacola.
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*[[January 1]], [[1858]] – The [[Pensacola Lighthouse]] goes into operation.
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*[[June 25]], [[1859]] – The [[USS Seminole|USS ''Seminole'']] is launched.
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*[[January 5]], [[1861]] – Florida's secession convention convenes in Tallahassee.
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*[[January 6]], 1861 – State troops seize the federal arsenal at Apalachicola.
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*[[January 7]], 1861 – State troops seized Fort Marion at St. Augustine. [[Adam Slemmer]] meets with the command of the [[Navy Yard]] as to what action should be taken in case local citizens and/or militia try to take possession of the Yard, or any of the forts.
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*[[January 8]], 1861 – First shots of [[Civil War]] fired at [[Fort Barrancas]]. Col. [[William Chase]] is authorized by Governor [[M. Perry]] to seize the forts at Pensacola.
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*[[January 10]], 1861 – Florida secedes from the Union. [[Adam Slemmer]] transfers his small artillery force from [[Fort Barrancas]] to [[Fort Pickens]].
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*[[January 12]], 1861 – State officials demand the surrender of [[Fort Pickens]]. State troops seized the [[Navy Yard]], [[Fort McRee]], [[Fort Barrancas]] and Barrancas [[Fort Barrancas barracks|barracks]]
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*[[January 15]], 1861 – State officials (Col. [[William H. Chase]]) again demanded [[Fort Pickens]] surrender. Fort Pickens refuses to surrender and remains the only Union-controlled fort in the South during the [[Civil War]].
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*[[January 18]], 1861 – State officials for a third time demanded the surrender of [[Fort Pickens]].
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*[[February 6]], 1861 – The USS ''Brooklyn'' arrives off [[Fort Pickens]] with reinforcements.
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*[[March 11]], 1861 – General [[Braxton Bragg]] arrives in Pensacola and assumes command of all Confederate forces.
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*[[April 12]], 1861 – Confederate forces extinguish the [[Pensacola Lighthouse]]. Union troops aboard the USS ''Brooklyn'' land and reinforce artillery troops at [[Fort Pickens]].
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*[[April 19]], 1861 – [[General Braxton Bragg]] declares martial law in Pensacola. President Abraham Lincoln issues orders that all Southern Ports be blockaded.
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*[[September 2]], 1861 – U.S. Navy boats destroy the Pensacola [[Navy Yard]].
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*[[September 14]], 1861 – Union troops from [[Fort Pickens]] board and set fire to the Confederate ship ''Judah''.
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*[[October 9]], 1861 – [[Battle of Santa Rosa Island]].
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*[[November 22]], 1861 – Artillery exchanged between Fort Pickens and Confederate batteries.
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*[[1862]] – Confederates burn the mills and many of the homes around the [[Bagdad]] area as they abandon Pensacola and the surrounding area.
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*[[January 1]], [[1862]] – Artillery duel between Confederates and Union
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*[[May 9]], 1862 – Confederate Forces evacuate Pensacola
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*[[May 10]], 1862 – Acting Mayor Broshaham surrenders Pensacola to Union officials after the Confederates evacuated the town.
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*[[May 20]], [[1865]] – Florida formally surrenders to Federal forces. Civil War over in June.
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*[[1867]] – Perry home built by Danish-born [[Carl Frederick Boysen]], currently the [[Scottish Rite Lodge]] (1922) at Palafox and Wright Streets.
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*[[1868]] – Reconstruction in Florida ends.
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*[[March 28]], 1868 – The [[Pensacola & Louisville Railroad]] purchases the [[Alabama & Florida Railroad]], which had gone bankrupted after the [[Civil War]], for $55,000.
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*[[May 25]], [[1868]] – Florida readmitted to the Union.
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*[[1870]] – The railroad connects Pensacola to the outside world, and the lumber boom begins.
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*[[1872]] – Public school system established in Pensacola.
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*[[November 9]], [[1873]] – [[Stephen R. Mallory]] dies.
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*[[November 20]], [[1874]] – [[Jackson Morton]] dies.
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*[[August 10]], [[1876]] – First burial at [[St. Johns Cemetery]].
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*[[October 1]], 1876 – [[F. C. Brent]] and [[Louis P. Knowles]] found the banking firm of [[Knowles & Brent]].
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*[[1880]] – Pensacola is Florida's third largest city.
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*[[February 27]], [[1880]] – Louisville & Nashville RR bought the Pensacola Railroad
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*1880s – [[Pensacola Gas Company]] founded.
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*[[June 1]], [[1881]] – Construction on the [[Pensacola & Atlantic Railroad]] begins.
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*[[August 22]], [[1881]] – Construction begins on railroad bridges over [[Pensacola Bay]] and the [[Choctahatchee River|Choctahatchee]] and [[Apalachicola River]]s.
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*[[1882]] – The [[Tarragona Street Depot]] is destroyed by fire.
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*[[1882]] – [[Francisco Moreno]] dies.
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*[[August 15]], 1882 – The first passengers take a ride on the [[Pensacola & Atlantic Railroad]].
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*[[August 15]], 1882 – The first train carrying passengers crosses the [[Pensacola Bay railroad bridge]].
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*[[1883]] – Opening of the [[Opera House]], built by [[Daniel F. Sullivan]].
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*[[1883]] – [[Saunders Fish Company]] formed by [[Thomas E. Welles]] and Captain [[E. E. Saunders]].
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*[[April 11]], 1883 – The Pensacola & Atlantic Railroad is completed between Pensacola and Jacksonville
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*[[1885]] – A new court house is completed.
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*[[May 20]], 1885 – [[Milton]]'s business district burns. Fire may have started in the [[Mayer Bros.]] store.
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*[[1886]] – [[St Michael's Catholic Church]] is built.
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*[[1886]] – [[Geronimo]] is brought to Pensacola as a prisoner.
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*[[1888]] – [[First Presbyterian Church]] is built on [[Chase Street]] by [[Turner Construction Company]].
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*[[1888]] – Electric power company goes online.
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*[[1889]] – [[F. C. Brent]] helps organize the [[Pensacola Chamber of Commerce]].
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*[[September 16]], 1889 – The [[Pensacola Chamber of Commerce]] meets for the first time (organized) and [[William Dudley Chipley]] becomes the first president.
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*[[1890]] – Horse drawn streetcar system becomes operational.
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*1890s – Fires sweep through Pensacola
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*[[June 17]], [[1891]] – [[Lee Square]], formerly Florida Park, dedicated in memory of [[Jefferson Davis]], [[Stephen R. Mallory]], [[Edward A. Perry]] and the Confederate dead.
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*[[1892]] – [[John A. Merritt]] marries the daughter of [[R. H. Turner]]
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*[[January 23]], [[1892]] – The [[First National Bank of Pensacola]] and the [[Brent's Bank]] merge.
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*[[1895]] – [[Young Men's Business League]] of Pensacola founded.
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*[[1897]] – [[Temple Beth-El]] built on [[Chase Street]].
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*[[1898]] – [[Spanish-American War]] erupts.
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*[[March 21]], 1898 – [[Pensacola Electric Railway Company]] goes into operation.
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*c. [[1898]] – [[William D. Chipley]] monument erected in [[Ferdinand Plaza]]. Chipley was several times mayor of Pensacola, founder of the Florida Chautauqua and Florida State Senator. The monument is inscribed: "Soldier - Statesman - Public Benefactor."
 +
*[[June 20]], [[1899]] – Gunpowder at [[Fort Pickens]] explodes, destroying an entire bastion.
  
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'''1559'''  -- 06/11/1559 - Members of Luna's expedition embarked at Vera Cruz, Mexico, for their journey to establish Pensacola  
+
== 1900s ==
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*[[1900]] – [[Baars, Dunwoody & Company]] established.
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*1900 – [[St. Anthony's Hospital]] established.
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*1900 – [[Pensacola Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Company]] established.
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*1900 – [[American National Bank]] established
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*1900 – [[Alger-Sullivan Company]] begins operation in [[Century]].
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*[[1901]] – [[Thiesen Building]] is constructed, named for Danish-born [[Chris Thiesen]].
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*[[1902]] – Pensacola establishes its first [[streetcar]] system.
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*1902 – Navy Yard receives a [[Navy Yard dry dock|dry dock]].
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*[[1904]] – William, Albert, and Peter Rosasco buy the [[Bay Point Mill Company]].
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*[[1905]] – The last [[yellow fever]] epidemic in Pensacola.
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*[[January 1]], [[1905]] – [[F. C. Brent]] retires as the president of the [[First National Bank]].
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*[[November 1]], 1905 – [[Halloween Night Fire|Fire]] erupts in downtown Pensacola destroying several buildings and prompting construction of the new [[Blount Building|Blount]] and [[Brent Building]]s.
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*[[1906]] – A category 3 [[1906 hurricane|hurricane]] hits Pensacola, 134 dead. The [[Navy Yard dry dock]] is destroyed.
 +
*[[1908]] – New Pensacola City Hall built, current site of [[T. T. Wentworth Jr. Florida State Museum]].
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*[[1910]] – [[Hotel San Carlos]] opens.
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*[[October 20]], [[1911]] – The United States Government closes the Pensacola Navy Yard and it is abandoned.
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*[[November 17]], [[1913]] – FDR arrives in Pensacola to announce plans for a Naval Air Station at Pensacola.{{fact}}
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*[[January 20]], [[1914]] – The first [[naval flight school]] was established at the [[Navy Yard]].
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*[[February 2]], 1914 – The [[First National Bank of Pensacola]] collapses when a Liverpool-based timber firm goes bankrupt, marking the beginning of a Pensacola depression.
 +
*[[1915]] – [[Pensacola Hospital]] (later Sacred Heart Hospital) opens on [[12th Avenue]] by Daughters of Charity.
 +
*[[1916]] – A [[1916 hurricane|hurricane]] hits Northwest Florida, destroying much of Pensacola and [[Milton]].
 +
*[[1916]] – The [[Newport Company]], a naval stores industry, was established in Pensacola.
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*[[1917]] – A [[1917 hurricane|hurricane]] hit Pensacola, destroying the [[Pensacola Opera House]].
 +
*[[1918]] – A [[influenza|flu]] epidemic strikes Pensacola.
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*[[1919]] – Another serious [[influenza]] epidemic strikes Pensacola.
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*[[1920]] – Ten cases of [[bubonic plague]] epidemic in Pensacola which includes 6 deaths.
 +
*[[1921]] – The [[Newport Company]] closes.
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*[[1925]] – [[Saenger Theatre]] built at current location on [[Palafox Street]].
 +
*[[1926]] – [[WCOA]] AM radio goes on the air.
 +
*1926 – A category 4 [[1926 hurricane|hurricane]] hits Gulf Coast, 134 dead.
 +
*[[1929]] – The stock market crashes.
 +
*[[1930]] – [[Warrington]], a civilian community named for Capt. [[Lewis Warrington]], moves from [[Naval Air Station]] to present site across [[Bayou Grande]].
 +
*1930 – [[H. Clay Armstrong]] produces the History of Escambia County.
 +
*[[1931]] – Bridges are built across [[Santa Rosa Sound]] and [[Pensacola Bay]].
 +
*[[1936]] – [[Spearman Brewery]] opens.
 +
*[[1938]] – Pensacola's first [[Pensacola Public Library|public library]] opened for white residents of the community.
 +
*[[January 24]], [[1939]] – A post office is established in [[Gulf Breeze]].
 +
*[[1941]] – [[Pensacola Pulp & Paper Company]] opens, becomes [[St. Regis]] and then [[Champion International]].
 +
*[[December 7]], 1941 – The Japanese attack Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, bringing the United States into [[World War II]].
 +
*[[1948]] – [[Escambia General Hospital]] opens, becomes [[University Hospital]].
 +
*[[1951]] – [[Baptist Hospital]] opens.
 +
*[[August 10]], [[1961]] – [[City of Gulf Breeze|Gulf Breeze]]'s first [[Mayor of Gulf Breeze|mayor]] and [[Gulf Breeze City Council|city council]] are officially sworn into office.
 +
*[[August 17]], 1961 – The [[Gulf Breeze City Council]] holds its first official meeting.
 +
*[[1963]] – [[University of West Florida]] founded, opens in [[1967]].
 +
*[[October 5]], [[1995]] – [[Hurricane Opal]] hits Pensacola.
  
−
'''1559'''  --  08/14/1559 - Luna's expedition entered Pensacola Bay
+
== Citations ==
  
−
'''1559'''  --  08/19/1559 - A hurricane struck Pensacola Bay, virtually destroying Luna's fleet
+
* Appleyard, John, ''The History of Local Government in Pensacola & Escambia County'', Pensacola: 1991
  
−
'''1561''' --  03/16/1561 - Villafane arriveed at Pensacola for relief for Luna's expedition after the hurricane of 1559
+
* Coker, William S. and G. Douglas Inglis, ''The Spanish Censuses of Pensacola'', 1784-1820: ''A Genealogical Guide to Spanish Pensacola'', Perdido Bay Press: 1980
  
−
'''1561''' -- 04/09/1561 - Villifane became the governor of Florida  
+
* Coker, William S. and Thomas D. Watson, Indian Traders of the Southeastern Spanish Borderlands; Panton, Leslie & Company and John Forbes & Company, 1783-1847, University of West Florida Press/ Pensacola: 1986
  
−
'''1565''' -- St. Augustine, on Florida's East Coast, was founded by the Spanish
+
* McGovern, James R., editor, ''Colonial Pensacola'', 1974: Pensacola
  
 +
* McGovern, James R., ''The Emergence of a City in the Modern South: Pensacola 1900-1945'', Pensacola: 1976
  
−
== 1600's ==
+
* Parks, Virginia, editor, Iron Horse in the Pinelands; Building West Floridia's Railroad: 1881-1883, Pensacola Historical Society: 1982
  
 +
* Pensacola News-Journal, Sunday, October 2, 1949
  
−
'''1682''' -- 04/06/1682 - La Salle claimed Louisiana for France
+
* Pensacola News-Journal, ''Passport 1995'', p. 7.
  
−
'''1684''' -- Sieur de la Salle descended the Mississippi River an made a failed attempt to establish a colony near the mouth of the Mississippi
+
* Vicker, Elizabeth D., "A Chronology of Epidemics in Pensacola, Florida, 1764-1995, ''West Florida Footprints'', #14, 1994
  
−
'''1686''' -- 02/06/1686 - An expedition under the command of Juan Enriques Barroto (Juan Jordan Reina) entered Pensacola Bay
+
* Wentworth, T. T. Jr., ''Pensacola Picture Book'', #17 in a series .
−
 
 
−
'''1692''' -- 06/26/1892 - Conde de Galve, viceroy of Mexico, was given instructions by the Spanish King to explore the gulf coast
 
−
 
 
−
'''1693''' -- 04/07/1693 - Admiral Andres de Pez's expedition entered Pensacola Bay
 
−
 
 
−
'''1694''' -- 06/13/1694 - The King of Spain (Charles II??) gave the go ahead to settle Pensacola  
 
−
 
 
−
'''1698''' -- 11/06/1698 - An expedition under Juan Jordan de Reina sailed from Havana, Cuba, to settle Pensacola
 
−
 
 
−
'''1698''' -- 11/17/1698 - An expedition under the command of Juan Jordan Reina arrived at Pensacola
 
−
 
 
−
'''1698''' -- 11/21/1698 - An expedition under the command of Andres de Arriola, arrived in Pensacola from Vera Cruz, Mexico
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
== 1700's ==
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
'''1702''' -- French, under d'Iberville, founded Mobile, Biloxi, and Dauphin Island
 
−
 
 
−
'''1702''' -- Spanish settlers at Pensacola suffered a sever epidemic, probably Yellow Fever
 
−
 
 
−
'''1704''' -- Pensacola received its first women settlers
 
−
 
 
−
'''1707''' -- Creek Indians, under the urging of the British, attacked and burned Spanish Pensacola
 
−
 
 
−
'''1707''' -- Creeks laid siege to Fort San Carlos at Pensacola, but withdrew
 
−
 
 
−
'''1719''' -- Spanish recaptured Pensacola
 
−
 
 
−
'''1719''' -- 05/13/1719 - French from Mobile sailed to Pensacola in an attempt to capture the town
 
−
 
 
−
'''1719''' -- 05/16/1719 - The French Fleet, under Jean Baptiste Le Moyne and his brother Sieur de Bienville, entered Pensacola Bay, fired on Fort San Carlos, and captured the Pensacola
 
−
 
 
−
'''1719''' -- 09/18/1719 - French recaptured Pensacola
 
−
 
 
−
'''1722''' -- Spain reclaimed Pensacola by treaty with France
 
−
 
 
−
'''1723''' -- Spanish built a village on Santa Rosa Island
 
−
 
 
−
'''1723''' -- French left Pensacola
 
−
 
 
−
'''1743''' -- The first timber export left Pensacola by the Havana Company
 
−
 
 
−
'''1752''' -- A Hurricane hit the Pensacola Area
 
−
 
 
−
'''1757''' -- 12/23/1757 - King Ferdinand VII named Pensacola 'Presidio San Miqual de Panzacola'
 
−
 
 
−
'''1760''' -- A Hurricane struck Pensacola
 
−
 
 
−
'''1763''' -- Spanish left Pensacola as a result of the Treaty of Ghent, which gave Florida to the British
 
−
 
 
−
'''1763''' -- 02/10/1763 - The Spanish and British signed the Treaty of Paris, resulting in Spain ceding Florida to the British
 
−
 
 
−
'''1763''' -- 07/10/1763 - Colonel Augustin Prevost sailed from Havana, Cuba with 4 ships & 350 men on their way to accept the transfer of Florida from Spain to Great Britain
 
−
 
 
−
'''1763''' -- 08/05/1763 - Colonel Augustine Prevost arrived in Pensacola with 350 men to accept the transfer of Florida from Spain to Great Britian
 
−
 
 
−
'''1763''' -- 08/06/1763 - Lieutenant Colonel Augustin Prevost and troops took command of Pensacola for the British
 
−
 
 
−
'''1763''' -- 09/03/1763 - The Spanish left Pensacola
 
−
 
 
−
'''1764''' -- 10/21/1764 - George Johnstone arrived in Pensacola as West Florida's first British governor
 
−
 
 
−
'''1764''' -- 11/24/1764 - The first council was convened by the British in Pensacola
 
−
 
 
−
'''1767''' -- George Johnstone relieved as governor of West Florida and succeeded by Monfort Browne
 
−
 
 
−
'''1769''' -- John Eliot arrived in Pensacola as the new governor
 
−
 
 
−
'''1769''' -- 05/02/1769 - John Eliot, governor of West Florida, hanged himself
 
−
 
 
−
'''1769''' -- 07/31/1769 - Durnford named Lieutenant Governor as acting governor
 
−
 
 
−
'''1770''' -- Peter Chester arrived in Pensacola as the new British governor
 
−
 
 
−
'''1770''' -- Bernardo de Galvez appointed governor of Spanish Louisiana
 
−
 
 
−
'''1770''' -- 08/10/1770 - Peter Chester arrived in Pensacola as governor of West Florida
 
−
 
 
−
'''1774''' -- 10/24/1774 - Continental Congress wrote to the Assembly in Pensacola, but was suppressed by Governor Chester
 
−
 
 
−
'''1777''' -- 01/01/1777 - Don Bernardo Galvez became the acting Governor of Louisiana
 
−
 
 
−
'''1779''' -- 06/21/1779 - Spain declared war on England (implications for Florida)
 
−
 
 
−
'''1780''' -- Durnford surrendered Mobile to Galvez
 
−
 
 
−
'''1780''' -- 01/28/1780 - Galvez sailed from New Orleans in an abortive attempt to capture Pensacola
 
−
 
 
−
'''1781''' -- 02/28/1781 - Galvez sailed again from New Orleans with an invasion force headed for Pensacola
 
−
 
 
−
'''1781''' -- 03/09/1781 - Galvez entered Pensacola Bay and lays siege to the British
 
−
 
 
−
'''1781''' -- 05/07/1781 - Galvez began his siege of the British [[Fort George]], located just north of Pensacola
 
−
 
 
−
'''1781''' -- 05/08/1781 - British General John Campbell surrendered Pensacola to Galvez after a shot from the Spanish cannon (mortar) destroys the British powder magazine
 
−
 
 
−
'''1781''' -- 05/09/1781 - British soldiers left their fort at Pensacola, officially ending the British presence in Florida
 
−
 
 
−
'''1792''' -- [[Francisco Moreno]] was born in Pensacola
 
−
 
 
−
'''1794''' -- 08/10/1794 - Jackson Morton was born
 
−
 
 
−
'''1795''' -- The United States and Spain signed the Pickney Treaty establishing the borders between the United States and Spanish Florida
 
−
 
 
−
'''1798''' -- [[William H. Chase]] was born in Massachusetts
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
== 1800's ==
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
'''1801''' -- [[William Panton]], co-owner of [[Panton-Leslie & Company]], died at sea
 
−
 
 
−
'''1804''' -- The [[Panton-Leslie & Company]] changed its name to John Forbes & Company
 
−
 
 
−
'''1807''' -- The Inneraity family assumed control of John Forbes & Company
 
−
 
 
−
'''1808''' -- [[Thomas William Brent]] was Born in Washington DC
 
−
 
 
−
'''1812''' -- [[Stephen Russell Mallory]], future US Senator and Confederate Secretary of the Navy, was born in Trinidad
 
−
 
 
−
'''1813''' -- General [[James Wilkinson]] and troops captured Mobile
 
−
 
 
−
'''1813''' -- 08/30/1813 - Fort Mims Massacre
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
== 1900's ==
 

Latest revision as of 00:12, 5 May 2020

Pensacola, Florida has had a rich and colorful history dating nearly 450 years, being the first European settlement in the continental United States (1559) and controlled by five countries. Pensacola's location has caused great turmoil, with many buildings destroyed by wars, and by numerous major hurricanes. The location, south of the original British colonies, and as the dividing line between French Louisiana and Spanish Florida, along the Perdido River, has caused the possession of the city to change multiple times. Pensacola has been under the possession of the Spanish, French, British, United States and Confederate States, and has remained a part of the United States since the end of the American Civil War.

1500s[edit]

  • 1513 – Ponce de Leon 'discovers' Florida.
  • 1516 – Miruelos enters what may be Pensacola Bay.
  • 1525 – Panfilo de Narveaz explores Florida.
  • 1539 – Hernando de Soto explores Florida.
  • June 11, 1559 – Members of Luna's expedition embark at Vera Cruz, Mexico, for their journey to establish Pensacola.
  • August 14, 1559 – Luna's expedition enters Pensacola Bay.
  • September 19, 1559 – A hurricane strikes Pensacola Bay, virtually destroying Luna's fleet.
  • March 16, 1561 – Villafane arrives at Pensacola for relief for Luna's expedition after the hurricane of 1559.
  • April 9, 1561 – Villafane becomes governor of Florida.
  • 1565 – St. Augustine, on Florida's east coast, is founded by the Spanish, becoming the first permanent European settlement.

1600s[edit]

  • April 6, 1682 – La Salle claims Louisiana for France.
  • 1684 – Sieur de la Salle descends the Mississippi River and makes a failed attempt to establish a colony near the mouth of the Mississippi.
  • February 2, 1686 – An expedition under the command of Juan Enriques Barroto (Juan Jordan Reina) enters Pensacola Bay.
  • June 26, 1692 – Conde de Galve, viceroy of Mexico, is given instructions by the Spanish king to explore the Gulf Coast.
  • April 7, 1693 – Admiral Andres de Pez's expedition enters Pensacola Bay.
  • June 13, 1694 – The King of Spain (Charles II?) gives the go ahead to settle Pensacola.
  • November 6, 1698 – An expedition under Juan Jordan de Reina sails from Havana, Cuba, to settle Pensacola.
  • November 17, 1698 – An expedition under the command of Juan Jordan Reina arrivs at Pensacola.
  • November 21, 1698 – An expedition under the command of Andres de Arriola, arrived in Pensacola from Vera Cruz, Mexico.

1700s[edit]

1800s[edit]

1900s[edit]

Citations[edit]

  • Appleyard, John, The History of Local Government in Pensacola & Escambia County, Pensacola: 1991
  • Coker, William S. and G. Douglas Inglis, The Spanish Censuses of Pensacola, 1784-1820: A Genealogical Guide to Spanish Pensacola, Perdido Bay Press: 1980
  • Coker, William S. and Thomas D. Watson, Indian Traders of the Southeastern Spanish Borderlands; Panton, Leslie & Company and John Forbes & Company, 1783-1847, University of West Florida Press/ Pensacola: 1986
  • McGovern, James R., editor, Colonial Pensacola, 1974: Pensacola
  • McGovern, James R., The Emergence of a City in the Modern South: Pensacola 1900-1945, Pensacola: 1976
  • Parks, Virginia, editor, Iron Horse in the Pinelands; Building West Floridia's Railroad: 1881-1883, Pensacola Historical Society: 1982
  • Pensacola News-Journal, Sunday, October 2, 1949
  • Pensacola News-Journal, Passport 1995, p. 7.
  • Vicker, Elizabeth D., "A Chronology of Epidemics in Pensacola, Florida, 1764-1995, West Florida Footprints, #14, 1994
  • Wentworth, T. T. Jr., Pensacola Picture Book, #17 in a series .
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